Transmissions and Off-Road Driving

THE BASICS OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS

Even if it seems obvious, the first thing you need to learn is how to engage your vehicle. Make sure you know where the gear lever is located. In older vehicles, the lever may be on the steering column, while in newer models it is often near the centre console. You might think there are two floor-mounted levers; the second is actually the transfer case, which allows you to switch to four-wheel drive.

Automatic gearboxes are generally easier to manage, as the transmission does most of the work. Remember, speed is not important here — let your vehicle do what it was designed to do.

D – The vehicle will shift automatically between gears as needed.

2 – The vehicle stays in second gear, eliminating the risk of unexpected gear changes.

1 – Limits the vehicle to first gear. Slows the engine and provides maximum torque. Used on very slow, challenging terrain.

USING YOUR AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Engine braking may have a limited effect with automatic transmissions. Make sure to apply braking and acceleration as needed according to your vehicle’s speed changes.
Shifting down to D1 or D2 and switching to short 4WD (see four-wheel drive systems) should allow the vehicle to slowly overcome obstacles with little or no acceleration.
When going uphill, use the highest possible gears.
When going downhill, stay in the lowest gears.
The overdrive button prevents the transmission from shifting to the highest gear. This feature is useful for steep climbs, challenging terrain, and when towing on the road.

ADVANTAGES OF AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Easier to use
Smoother power delivery
Less effort required
Easier towing
Does not overheat the clutch
More suited to 4x4 driving

DISADVANTAGES OF AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Gains speed when descending
Vehicle cannot be push-started
Cannot perform stop-start manoeuvres
Higher repair costs
May overheat in challenging terrain)

LEFT-FOOT BRAKING

You read that correctly: when driving on really challenging terrain, you need to brake with your left foot. This allows you to carefully balance braking and acceleration to control your speed while negotiating difficult obstacles. Unless your off-road vehicle is equipped with a crawl control system to manage braking and acceleration, be prepared to use your left foot.

The basics of MANUAL TRANSMISSION

If you have never used a manual transmission, it’s better not to start in off-road conditions. Make sure you have fully mastered the basics before leaving the tarmac. Managing three pedals and shifting gears should have become second nature, allowing you to focus entirely on the constantly changing terrain.

ADVANTAGES OF A MANUAL TRANSMISSION

Controlled descent
Vehicle can stall/be push-started/towed to start
Produces less heat
Lower fuel consumption
Easier and cheaper maintenance
Driver has full control of the vehicle

DISADVANTAGES OF A MANUAL TRANSMISSION

Clutch may overheat
Good foot-hand coordination required
Less smooth
May be less easy to use on challenging terrain
More complex to use off-road with standard axle ratios

USING YOUR MANUAL TRANSMISSION

Touch the clutch as little as possible. Otherwise, you will not only lose momentum but also risk overheating the clutch.
Press the clutch only when shifting gears; at other times, keep your left foot on the floor.
Do not rest your foot on the clutch pedal, even if you are not pressing it. Rough terrain can bounce your foot onto the pedal, risking accidental engagement.
Stay in first or second gear when driving on challenging terrain.
Never change gear while negotiating hills or obstacles. You could gain speed on descents or lose momentum on climbs.
If you stall while crossing an obstacle, turn the key and restart the engine without pressing the clutch, if your vehicle allows it. The starter should help you get over the obstacle.